Marketing Research free essay sample

Q: another alumni recruited by the promoting research branch of a significant phone organization is approached to set up a survey to decide family inclinations for phone calling cards. The survey is to be controlled in mallâ ­intercept interviews. Utilizing the standards of survey configuration, fundamentally assess this poll. An: Although it was expressed that the poll would be regulated in mallâ ­intercept talks with every single other part of the procedure were excluded. In the event that they are doing individual meetings, they can be more conversational than what is recorded and incorporate visual guides and space for explanation. They ought to likewise consider shooting the meetings or utilizing sound chronicle since recording remarks verbatim is extremely troublesome and frequently brings about blunder. Question 10 ought to be climbed behind the other fundamental recognizable proof inquiries 1â ­4. For questions 1â ­4 it ought to be clarified why the specialist is requesting this data so as to defeat respondents’ powerlessness or reluctance to reply. We will compose a custom paper test on Advertising Research or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It ought to likewise incorporate the instruction level of the respondent. Question 7 ought to be moved behind the recognizable proof inquiries to present the subject of calling cards for satisfactory inquiry structure. This will permit the respondent to impart their convictions, thought processes and perspectives without predisposition. It ought excluded the brand ATT on the grounds that the respondent probably won't be educated about this brand’s distinguishing mark. The scientist either needs to educate them about it or simply use it as a general inquiry for all calling cards. This inquiry is likewise liable to pick up answers, for example, â€Å"I l

Making Ebay Work Better free essay sample

Making eBay work In 2006, there were more than 200 million eBayers around the world. For around 750,000 individuals, eBay (thhp://www. ebay. com/) was their essential wellspring of pay. An overcomer of the dab. com bust of the late 1990s, eBay speaks to another plan of action graciousness of the web. Whatever measurements you look over most costly thing offered to number of sell-offs in any one day-the numbers flabbergast. â€Å"This is a totally different method of doing business,† says Meg Whitman, the CEO and President since 1998. â€Å"We’re making something that didn’t exist previously. † eBay’s plan of action Incentive in eBay is made by giving a virtual overall market to purchasers and merchants and gathering a duty on exchanges as they occur. The plan of action of eBay depends on its clients being the organisation’s item advancement group, deals and showcasing power, marketing office and the security office. It is apparently the main web 2. 0 organization. As per eBay directors, of key significance is tuning in to clients: staying aware of what they need to sell, purchase and how they need to do it. In the event that clients speak, eBay tunes in. Innovation permits each move of each potential client to be followed, yielding rich data. Customary organizations may spend large cash on becoming acquainted with their clients and convincing them to give criticism; for eBay such input is frequently free and offered without the requirement for temptation. Indeed, even so a portion of the company’s best methods of getting client input don't depend on the net and don't come free. eBay arranges Voice of the Customer bunches which include flying in another gathering of around 10 venders and purchasers from the nation to its workplaces like clockwork to talk about the organization top to bottom. Video chats are held for new highlights and arrangements, anyway little a change they include. Indeed, even workshops and classes are held to show individuals how to take advantage of the site. Members will in general twofold their selling action on eBay in the wake of taking a class. Others run their own sites offering guidance on the most proficient method to sell on eBay. Bits of gossip have it that purchasers have concocted PC programs that spot offers in the last second. Venders that leave the webpage unfit to contend any more are known to compose writes on what turned out badly to help other people. The organization is administered from both outside and inside. The eBay framework has a wellspring of programmed control as purchasers and dealers rating each other on every exchange, making rules and standards. The two purchasers and venders develop notorieties which are important, thusly promising further great conduct in themselves as well as other people. Deals of unlawful items are managed by pulling back what is marked down and perpetually prohibiting the merchant. eBay’s the board Meg Whitman’s style and past have vigorously affected the administration of eBay. At the point when she joined the organization in 1998, it was to a greater degree an assortment of nerds, handpicked by the horse followed originator Pierre Omidyar, than a blue-chip, something which supported Omidyar’s enlistment of Meg. Meg, an ex-advisor, filled huge numbers of the senior administration jobs including the leader of the US business, head of universal activities and VP of purchaser showcasing with specialists. The outcome: eBay has become information and metric driven. â€Å"If you can’t measure it, you can’t control it†, Meg says. While in the good 'ol days you could contact and feel the manner in which the association worked, its present size methods it should be estimated. Class supervisors, suggestive Meg’s days in Procter and Gamble, are relied upon to go through their days estimating and following up on information inside their fiefdom. Be that as it may, dissimilar to their partners in Procter and Gamble, classification administrators in eBay can just by implication control their items. They have no stock to reorder once levels of toothpaste or cleaning up fluid come up short on the market racks. They give devices to purchase and sell all the more viably: What they do is unendingly attempt to squeeze out little successes in their classifications state, a slight bounce in salvaged material postings or new bidders for comic books. To arrive, they use showcasing and marketing plans, for example, upgrading the introduction of their users’ items and giving them instruments to purchase and sell better. Far beyond this irregular presence, the workplace can be extreme and ultra serious, state ex-eBayers. Changes regularly come simply after PowerPoint slides are traded and refined at a low level, in the end introduced at a senior level and after the change has been affirmed in a close down system which incorporates each office. In time eBay has redesigned its capacity to guarantee the innovation doesn't run the show. Until the late 1990s, the site was tormented with blackouts, remembering one for 1999 which shut the site down for 22 hours graciousness of programming issues and no reinforcement frameworks. Previous Gateway Inc. Boss Information Officer Maynard Webb, who joined as leader of eBay’s innovation unit, immediately made a move to overhaul frameworks. Its utilization of innovation is overhauled continually. In 2005, Chris Corrado was delegated Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer. In eBay’s public statement COO Maynard Webb stated: Chris is one of the main innovation stage specialists in the corporate world, and we are excited that he is going along with us. It is demonstration of the enormous notoriety of the eBay innovation association that we had the option to bring Chris to the group. Meg is a pioneer who becomes tied up with the organization in a greater number of ways than one. Having sold some $35,000(28,000euros; ? 19,500) worth of goods in her ski apartment suite in Colorado to comprehend the selling experience, she turned into a top dealer among the company’s workers and guaranteed that her gaining from the experience was tuned in to by individual top executives. Meg is likewise known for listening cautiously to her representatives and anticipates that her directors should do likewise. As the business is so a lot, if not more, its clients, any bogus move can cause revolts inside the network that is eBay. The greater part of all, eBay attempts to remain mindful and adaptable. Almost the entirety of its quickest developing new classifications rose up out of enlisting merchant action in the region and discreetly giving it a bump at the correct second. For instance, subsequent to seeing a couple of vehicle deals, eBay made a different site called eBay Motors in 1999, with uncommon highlights, for example, vehicle investigations and transportation. Around four years after the fact, eBay hopes to net some $1 billion worth of automobiles and parts, a considerable lot of which are sold by proficient vendors. The vote based supporting of eBay, while effectively grasped by clients, can, be that as it may, take some getting utilized as well. New chiefs set aside some effort to comprehend the ethos, â€Å"Some of the terms you learn in business college drive, power, submit don’t apply,† says previous PepsiCo Inc, executive William C. Cobb, presently President eBay North America, with a foundation in eateries and PepsiCo, â€Å"We’re here tuning in, adjusting, empowering. † Competition and participation As the Internet has become an increasingly serious field eBay has not stopped. In 2005 it purchased Skype, the Internet communication association (http://www. skype. com/), encompassed by much discussion in the press regarding the rationale of the $2. 6bn arrangement. With Skype, eBay contends it can make a nparalleled internet business motor, highlighting the 2002 acquisition of online installment framework PayPal (http://www. paypal. com/) that prodded on the business around then. Every one of the three profit by alleged system influences the more individuals, the more significant the organizat ion and eBay must be a world chief in overseeing system impacts. In 2006 it additionally reported an arrangement with Google. eBay is one of Google’s greatest advert clients. Google thusly is pulled in to eBay’s Skype clients for click-to-call adverts. This arrangement was after eBay marked a publicizing manage Yahoo! Which made some think eBay was collaborating with Yahoo! against Google’s strength. Be that as it may, in the interconnected universe of the Internet, characterizing rivalry and collaboration is another game. eBay likewise shaped an organization between Baidu Inc. , a Chinese web-based interface purchased by eBay in 2002, and eBay EachNet. Baidu advances PayPal Beibao as the favored installment strategy on Baidu while EachNet utilizes Baidu as its elite pursuit supplier. The improvement of a co-marked toolbar is set to solidify the organization. So while in the West Yahoo! what's more, eBay are joining forces against Google, in the East Yahoo! is an opponent. Regardless of eBay being the Internet closeout wonder, it doesn't work out quite as well in the East as the West. It pulled out of Japan, is enduring in Taiwan and falls behind an adversary in China. In Korea, GMarket, incompletely possessed by Yahoo! , is pretty much equivalent in size to eBay’s Internet Auction. GMarket offers less accentuation on open sales than eBay, in spite of the fact that eBay presently has eBay Express where new items from different merchants can be bought in one exchange upheld as ever by client care including live talk. Creative advertising that makes the experience of shopping a good time for customers and assists merchants with improving their exhibition is maybe another way GMarket separates itself from eBay. GMarket has itself pulled in imitators. When a web 2. 0 organization consistently a web 2. 0 organization? In spite of the fact that the news didn't create a lot of response when declared during an eBay Live! Meeting, in 2006 eBaay made eBayWiki (http://www. ebaywiki. com/), facilitated by Jotspot, permitting individuals to contribute their insight into eBay to other people, alongside eBay web journals. Yet, eBay has consistently been about network so maybe so maybe they will get on in time. (Source: Johnson et al, (2010), Exploring Corporate Strategy, p128-130, Prentice Hall)

10 Points About Possessives

10 Points About Possessives 10 Points About Possessives 10 Points About Possessives By Mark Nichol Authors are regularly tested by the subtleties of delivering solitary and possessive structures, yet managing less normal possessive varieties can be out and out vexing. Here are rules about extra possessive developments. 1. Total Possessives His, hers, its, theirs, our own, mine, and yours, which are named outright possessives in light of the fact that, in contrast to their straightforward possessive forms (for instance, their and my), they require no resulting thing, ought to never be trailed by a punctuation. (Note that his and its, which can go before a thing or thing phrase or can remain solitary, don't change structure contingent upon whether they are straightforward or total possessives.) 2. Compound Possessives The possessive structure in compound things and in thing phrases is commonly communicated distinctly in the last component for instance, â€Å"The understudy teachers’ encounters varied†; â€Å"Her siblings in-law’s perspectives contrasted dramatically.† (It may be smarter to loosen up the grammar: â€Å"The encounters of the understudy educators varied†; â€Å"The mentalities of her brothers by marriage contrasted dramatically.†) 3. Genitive Possessives The genitive structure, otherwise called the possessive structure albeit most expressions framed thusly allude to relationship, not to ownership is frequently hazardous when the punctuation suggests of, as in â€Å"a hundred dollars’ worth† or â€Å"three months’ time.† (See this post for a conversation of the different sorts of genitive.) 4. Phrasal Possessives The immediacy of discourse regularly brings about articulations, for example, â€Å"The family down the street’s RV was hit by a car,† but since composing empowers increasingly attentive arrangement, essayists ought to keep away from such clumsy developments; rather, compose, â€Å"The RV having a place with the family down the road was hit by a car.† 5. Possessives Attached to Italicized Terms A punctuation and a s following an emphasized term ought not be stressed for instance, â€Å"Did you read the Washington Post’s publication today?† If the style calls for quotes rather than italics, stay away from developments like â€Å"Did you read the ‘Washington Post’’s article today?† Instead, change the sentence, for instance, to â€Å"Did you read the article in today’s ‘Washington Post’?† 6. Possessive with Gerund In a sentence where an ing word (an action word working as a thing), not the formal person, place or thing or the pronoun going before it, is comprehended to be the subject of the sentence as in â€Å"Jane’s hollering had placed every one of us in a terrible mood† the formal person, place or thing or pronoun (an altering grammatical form known as a determiner) ought to be in the possessive structure. The sentence is communicating that the shouting caused the awful states of mind, and the genitive structure Jane’s recognizes the yeller. In â€Å"Jane hollering had placed all of us in an awful mood,† on the other hand, Jane is the subject and shouting is an action word; the suggested subject is â€Å"The demonstration of Jane.† This development, be that as it may, is cumbersome; either utilize the development with the ing word, or loosen up the sentence to something like, â€Å"When Jane shouted, it put every one of us in an awful mood.† 7. Possessive Forms versus Attributive Forms Associations, organizations, and government offices frequently allude to themselves attributively, implying that one thing adjusts another for instance, separately, note the names of the California Teachers Association, the Diners Club, and the Department of Veterans Affairs. The key thing in each name takes the plural s however not the genitive punctuation, in light of the fact that the elements are proposed for the referenced gatherings as opposed to built up by them. In any case, also developed conventional terms, for example, â€Å"farmers’ market† and â€Å"girls’ soccer team† are genitive expressions and should highlight a punctuation after the plural s. Likewise, a name utilized as a descriptor is attributive, not possessive: Write â€Å"the Jones Mansion,† not â€Å"the Jones’s Mansion,† as, an assignment for a verifiable milestone (however â€Å"the Jones’s mansion† is right for a straightforward depiction of, for instance, a neighbor’s house), or â€Å"the Vikings game† (yet â€Å"the Vikings’ win-misfortune record†). 8. Possessive of Inanimate Objects By and large, developments, for example, â€Å"The jar’s top is cracked† is more effective than, for instance, â€Å"The top of the container is cracked,† however abstain from rendering such set expressions as â€Å"the leader of the class† unidiomatic. (â€Å"Go to the class’s head† bumbles the phrase.) 9. Possessive Preceded by Of At the point when an expression depicting a relationship incorporates the relational word of, as in â€Å"a neighbor of Dad’s† or â€Å"that explanation of Smith’s,† note that the nearness of the relational word doesn't block the requirement for the genitive punctuation. (A development precluding the punctuation doesn’t essentially look wrong, however consider the model â€Å"the book of John†; this expression proposes a book about John, not one have a place with or composed by John.) Be that as it may, consider rearranging the expression to, for instance, â€Å"Dad’s neighbor† or â€Å"Smith’s statement† while doing so doesn't change the importance. (â€Å"A neighbor of Dad’s,† for instance, suggests one of at least two neighbors more emphatically than â€Å"Dad’s neighbor† does, and â€Å"that explanation of Smith’s,† for instance, more plainly determines a specific proclamation than â€Å"Smith’s statement† does.) 10. Mutual and Separate Possession At the point when two firmly related things allude to as a solitary substance, as in an announcement about a satire team’s most popular daily practice (â€Å"She’s never heard Abbott and Costello’s ‘Who’s on First’ bit†), just the subsequent thing is relegated a possessive structure. However, when the segment substances are talked about as discrete things, the two things should have the possessive structure, as in â€Å"Abbott’s and Costello’s off-screen characters were predictable with their on-screen personas.† Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Grammar class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing Light25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be)Drama versus Drama

Increasing Popularity Surrounding Timber Frame Construction - Free Essay Example

1.0 INTRODUCTION This report will look at the increasing popularity surrounding timber frame construction in the construction industry. It will look at why this trend is continuing across the UK and how this form of construction can be applied to various building types. Timber frame construction is most notably used in parts of the world such as USA, Canada and Australia but it is being used more frequently throughout the UK in more recent times as well. Year on year the market share for timber frame construction has increased. Scotland is leading the way in this field by using timber frame construction much more than their neighbours. The timber sourced for this type of construction can readily be found in Scotland and this may go some way to explaining why it is indeed so popular in Scotland. 1.1 FACTS AND FIGURES; For the tenth consecutive year; the market share for timber frame construction has increased, 25% of all new houses in the UK are timber frame, As previously stated, Scotland is the most popular country for timber frame construction in the UK but even considering this; 75% of all new houses in Scotland are timber frame and that percentage continues to rise. Also, even during a recession when the construction industry has possibly been hit as hard as any other industry; timber frame construction only dropped by 26% while other construction methods dropped almost 38% in 2008. UK timber frame association preview 2010 page 5 (www.timber-frame.org) The trend is also growing outside of the UK, in Ireland for example. This is endorsed by the following quote. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Timber frame homes currently account for 25% of new build homes in Irelandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (www.ramstowndevelopments.com) 2.0 METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION Timber frame construction means that the weight-bearing walls are indeed timber panels. In other buildings this could be steel or blocks for example. These timber panels are made off site to an exact size and when they are required, they are simply transported by truck from the factory to the site. They can then be installed by men using pulleys and ropes or if the panels are too large and heavy- a small crane can be used to carry out this task. The panel itself is usually made up of solid timber- to take the load of the structure and this is sheathed usually by plywood or OSB- Oriented Strand Board, which is usually sourced from Scotland. These members ensure that the panel has suitable strength and is also rigid. Once the timber frame installation is complete, the external leaf of the building can then be installed. This can be brickwork or any form of cladding or a rendered finish. There are in fact two types of panels available- namely the Open Panel meaning the panel will be dry-lined after the insulation, vapour layer and services have been installed on site. The other panel is the Closed Panel and is this case this is all done in the factory. UK timber frame association preview 2010 page 11 (www.timber-frame.org) There have also been advances in the design of I-Joists in timber frame systems. There are now lighter I-Joists available but they have the greater strength and durability because the flanges are wider and the joist itself is not solid wood as has been the case in previous years- it can simply be plywood or OSB. PLATE 1; Image showing lightweight I-Joists, which are easier to handle but still strong enough to withstand the load being rested on it; due to the wide flanges. (www.framewiseltd.co.uk) 2.1 BALLOON FRAME There are actually two forms of timber frame construction. These are called Balloon Frame and Platform Frame. Balloon Frame has been superseded nowadays by Platform Frame but a brief outline is explained on both. The Balloon Frame form of construction simply means that the studs that make up the exterior wall are one long section which spans from the ground to the ceiling height of the top floor. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A balloon frame consists of two-storey height panels with an intermediate floor suspended from the formwork.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Chudley and Greeno (2008, p.386) Problems are obvious with this form of construction; Fire can spread easier because of the large panels Large panels may be more difficult to find Large panels will also be more difficult to handle Heating bills could be higher because there is no insulation between a room and the exterior walls Drawbacks such as these mean that the Platform Frame is more popular and is used today in preference to the Balloon Frame. 2.2 PLATFORM FRAME As previously mentioned, this is the form of timber frame construction favoured today in the UK. It differs from the Balloon Frame, as the structure is built up floor by floor. Basic sequence of events would include; Engineer calculates out sizes required by looking at the clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s drawings Materials ordered and prefabricated in factory Materials arrive on site- only as required Base of the structure is marked out Timber floor joists are lifted into place using a small crane Walls are erected and positioned on top of floor joists- again using a small crane Prefabricated roof is also positioned in by a crane on top of the wall panels Cavity barriers/fire stops are installed Felt and battens are applied to roof- structure is now watertight External layer can now be can applied as well as tiles or slates on the roof Internal services can now be installed   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   PLATE 2; Image showing a floor being lifted into position by crane (www.ramstowndevelopments.com) (sketch 2 drawings from page 171 of chudley greeno) 3.0 ADVANTAGES OF TIMBER FRAME Timber frame construction holds quite a few advantages over brick and block or steel frame construction; Quick to erect- can be completed faster than using brick and blocks as there is no need to wait for mortar to dry. Also, timber can still be installed in the rain; when brick or blocks canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t and is also not affected by the frost like mortar is. Easy to transport- panels, trussed roofs, timber floors etc are easily loaded on to a lorry and delivered on site as needed also ensuring the site isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t cluttered up with materials that are not yet needed. Easy for the Contractor to forecast the completion date of the project- the job will run on time easier and will not be delayed due to weather as wintry conditions can delay progress on site. Cleaner site- as everything is measured to specification; there will be very little material waste on site meaning more profits, less money spent on dumping waste in landfills and less chance of an injury also. Smooth and dry- the surface is easy to decorate and also easy to render. Better quality- as the frame is fabricated off site to meet Building Regulations; there is less chance of human error. Can be installed by small crane to meet a tight deadline or by workmen as a cheaper option. Extensions can easily be incorporated, as timber and plasterboard are easier to remove than blocks. Also easier to design a building to suit the clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s exact taste and possibly make a building unique form others. (www.trada.co.uk) Once the shell of the building is complete- this means it is watertight and the internal works can begin. It only takes around 5 days to achieve a watertight house. 3.1 THERMAL PERFORMANCE Timber is an excellent insulator and this in turn means that timber framed buildings store heat very well. This therefore leads heating bills being reduced, which in turn also means less fossil fuels are being used- be it oil for central heating or coal for a fire. How much money can be saved on heating bills varies and bold claims are made about this. It is hard to calculate because other factors need to be considered such as the specification of the building, the occupants of that building and so on. One timber frame company called Ramstown Developments claim that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Timber framing is an energy saving system that cuts an average of 33% off the annual cost of heating your home.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (www.ramstowndevelopments.com/) How accurate these figures are will be open to debate but there is little doubt that timber frame construction does have an advantage when it comes down to thermal performance. Many different timber frame companies exist and because of this they will specify the materials and construction and installation of the components slightly differently, thus giving slightly different results. However, the UK Timber Fame Association, who represents over 85% of UK timber frame manufacture states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Using a standard timber frame system achieves U-values between 0.30 and 0.27 using readily available and standard insulation- and using higher performance insulation and insulating breather membranes can boost these figures even more.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?(www.timber-frame.org) The keyword in the aforementioned statement is standard- meaning this is the minimum level of thermal performance that can be expected, so obviously this can be improved upon by having a higher specification. One such company is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Scotframeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? who have designed a timber frame system which has a U-value of 0.11 which is very impressive when the U-value limit for walls in 1965 was actually 1.7. The system is a closed timber-framed panel, usually includes140mm  studs sheathed both sides with Oriented Strand Board (OSB) and factory filled with Polyurethane foam insulation. The internal side of the panel has a vapour control heat reflective membrane  and an air gap is created between this and the internal wall cladding to make a service zone.  The exterior side has a breathable waterproof membrane and 50mm of  polyurethane foam cavity insulation. To prove that these panels are indeed extremely thermally efficient- they have been tested by the National Physical Laboratory who confirmed a U-value of 0.11 W/m2K; when the external cladding is taken into account. This system can be installed without the cavity insulation- but as can be expected, the U-value results will not be as good. This system from Scotframe actually meets the meets the C02 targets which have been set at intervals of 2010, 2013 and 2016- at this stage. (www.scotframetimberengineering.co.uk/) PLATE 5; Image showing what the Scotframe system compromises of. (www.scotframetimberengineering.co.uk/) 3.2 ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE Since timber frame performs so well in thermal performance, it isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t very surprising to gather that it also performs well in the acoustic aspect also. This could be largely down to the fact that so many layers can absorb sound just like curtains and carpet absorbs sound better than an empty room with hard surfaces. In fact à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“BREs Case study TF2000 found that even a multi-storey project would out perform building regulations for acoustic insulation.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?(www.framewiseltd.co.uk) This statement therefore echoes these thoughts and actually emphasises that it more than satisfies Building Regulations. What is even more interesting is that this is not for a small cosy dwelling- it is actually in terms of a multi-storey structure. 3.3 FIRE PERFORMANCE Timber is more susceptible to fire than materials such as concrete, bricks, blocks or steel. This however, does not mean that timber frame structures are more of a fire hazard. Timber frame structures are more likely to be burnt down during the actually construction phase, when the installation is not complete. This could be due to an accidental fire starting on site or probably the more likely case of vandalism. The HSEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s figures of 11 fires each day in the construction industry advocates this theory. Fire Safety on Timber Frame Construction Sites, page 5 highlights this, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s annual UK fire statistics show that two thirds of fires in construction industry premises are started deliberately.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (www.timber-frame.org/) Fires that do start accidentally will not spread as easily once the installation has been complete, because the fire resistant plasterboard will see to this and also the external cladding will prove a difficult surface for the fire to engulf. There are of course ways in which the threat of fire can be minimised; Design out the need for hot-works, i.e. working with a blowtorch. If hot-works are required then that area should be monitored for 1 hour and again 2 ours later as a precaution. Keep the site tidy with no timber shavings or pieces of paper lying around, as these could start a fire easily (this of course would be good practice on any construction site) Ensure good site security to keep potential thieves and vandals at bay- again just like on any construction site. Fire Safety On Timber Frame Construction Sites page 10 (www.timber-frame.org) At this stage it should be stressed that timber frame construction is quick to install and because of this it is easy to reach a point when fire resistant materials are in place and the risk of fire is therefore greatly reduced. Also, cavity fire barriers will reduce the spread of fire. They are placed at openings in external walls, at corners, at each floor level, at eaves level, around pipes, cables etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It is also worthy to mention that timber frame buildings do of course have to pass the relevant Building Regulations; as fire is a very serious matter. So if they satisfy these needs; they are as safe as any other form of construction in that aspect. 4.0 ENVIRONMENT Terms such as C02 emissions, global warming, carbon footprint and greenhouse gases are often the topic of conversation in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world. Everyone is being urged to think about the environment and the construction industry is probably under the microscope as much as any other sector. As mentioned previously one of the advantages of timber frame construction is that it reduces the effects of burning fossil fuels- such as oil or coal. This therefore means it also minimises the greenhouse effect as well. Unlike steel or concrete- there is no need for any manufacturing, refining or extracting as timber is natural. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Strength for strength, concrete uses 5 times (and steel uses 6 times) more energy to produce than timberà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?(www.timber-frame.org) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Overall C02 emissions for timber construction (the em-bodied carbon are up to six times lower than the emissions associated with masonry construction materialsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? UK timber frame association preview 2010 page 19 (www.timber-frame.org) That statement may not hold much relevance until the Governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s stance on this subject is made clear- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Come October 2010, the Government will slash the level of permissible CO2 emissions generated by new builds by 30%. There is a further reduction of 30% planned for 2013 and yet another of the same amount due to come in to force in 2016à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?(www.scotframetimberengineering.co.uk/) This further proves just how big of a concern this matter is and that the Government are acting quickly and have very clear targets in mind for the future. Some timber frame companies are also trying to convey this message to the public, as advocated by Deeside timber frame- à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Raise awareness of environmental issues with our customers, suppliers and staffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is listed as one of their objectives regarding environmental matters. (www.deesidetimberframe.co.uk) Also, since timber is being sourced locally; in Europe and frequently in Scotland- it means there is no long journeys to transport the material overseas as can often be the case with steel when it is in short supply. 4.1 SUSTAINABILITY Timber is a very sustainable material. This is simply due to the fact that the timber comes from managed forests and for every tree that is cut down- two are planted to replace it. As well as this; the Government also introduced a scheme titled the Code for Sustainable Homes in 2006. UK timber frame association preview 2010 page 7 (www.timber-frame.org) To summarise, this basically states that the Government wants homes to be more energy efficient and that Level 3 is the basic standard expected in the average housing scheme, with this rising to a Level 6 for all new homes by 2016. Issues which affect what level the structure will be credited with depend on two things- how energy efficient the buildings fabric is and also how the material itself was sourced. Timber can achieve a good rating on both fronts because as previously mentioned; it is easy to source and doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have to be transported long distances and also timber frame buildings have a very good thermal performance and can reduce heating bills. 5.0 NON-DOMESTIC BUILDINGS AND OTHER PROJECTS It would be fair to say that when most people think of timber frame construction, they think of low rise buildings like domestic dwellings. However, timber frame buildings are not just bungalows and two storey houses. Timber frame buildings include hotels, student accommodation and such like. With Building Regulations always being updated and changed; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Timber frame can currently go up to 18 metres within the current regulations. This has already allowed the construction of a 7 storey building in Bedminster in Bristol.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (www.timber-frame.org) Further examples of surprising projects include a primary school which has over 400 children in attendance. St Lukeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Primary School in the Wolverhampton area was actually completed in 16 weeks- which was 2 weeks ahead of schedule! It cost  £5.9m to construct and was given a rating of Excellent by BREEAM. This rating was of such a high standard that it is actually the first time it has been awarded to a building in Britain. (BREEAM is the BRE Environmental Assessment Method.) PATE 6; Image of St Lukeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s CE Primary School, Blakenhall Gardens UK timber frame association preview 2010 page 26 (www.timber-frame.org) Other such projects include a NHS Adolescent Unit in Wales, where in this instance timber frame was ideal due to the fact that it was manufactured offsite and this meant less time onsite, making noise and disrupting the patients. A further example includes the theatre that was built on the Isle of Mull. Since this structure would be subject to winds and rain- it would be anticipated that steel or concrete would be the material of choice. However, cost of transporting these materials proved to be a huge factor, coupled with the fact that once again timber frame could be installed much quicker. PLATE 7; Image of the new timber frame theatre on Isle of Mull UK timber frame association preview 2010 page 26 (www.timber-frame.org) As well as these structures, timber frame prototypes have also been erected to improve our knowledge and findings on the performance of timber frame. One such prototype is the Kingspan Lighthouse which was designed and built to show how well timber frame would or would not perform when the structure was going to be an unorthodox shape. As with all buildings, small faults were found and good feedback was received on how improvements could be made. However, a Level 6 rating under the Code of Sustainable Homes was reached- even though this target doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t need to be achieved until 2016. PLATE 8; Image of Kingspan Lighthouse which achieved a Level 6 rating. UK timber frame association preview 2010 page 9 (www.timber-frame.org) 6.0 MOISTURE CONTENT All timber that is to be used for construction purposes will have a certain moisture content. Different timbers will have different moisture content depending on their use. For example, timber that is going to be used at junctions in the building where dampness could form will need to have a low moisture content. Kilns are used to dry timber out to a certain specification. Moisture content can be calculated by completing the following calculation; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Moisture Content %= (wet weight)-(dry weight)/ dry weight x 100%à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Chudley and Greeno (2007, p.175) 6.1 THREAT OF ROT Rot spreading throughout a building is the nightmare of every client and builder, as it can cause unlimited damage and mean that in the extreme cases the building cannot be repaired. However, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Dry timberà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, which is a timber with a moisture content of under 20%, is not at risk of decay. Lyons (2007, p.105) noted that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the reduction in water content to below 20% will arrest any incipient fungal decay, which can only commence above this critical level.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? This should dispel any doubts that timber is very exposed to rot. Furthermore, the timber is also sprayed with necessary preservatives before installation to satisfy Building Regulation requirements. 7.0 CONCLUSION This report has briefly looked at how timber frame structures perform in numerous fields. It has also outlined how timber frame can be used in a variety of different structures- some of which many people would not associate timber frame construction with. It is therefore clear to see that this market will continue to grow, with the market possibly accelerating more so in Ireland in the near future. This is because Ireland is possibly the country which has the most room for growth in this sector, coupled with the fact that Scotland is nearby and would prove to be a very good source for timber. This report has also addressed concerns relating to timber and the perception many people still have about using timber in construction- such as fire hazards, risk of rot, unable to be used in multi-storey buildings; to name just a few. Once people are better educated and made more aware about using timber as the structure for buildings- then these myths will soon be dispersed. After all, as mentioned in the introduction; this form of construction is used in countries such as USA, Canada and Australia. It is of course the most popular form of construction used in the developed world- meaning it can handle the hot summers in Australia and also the windy wets nights and wintry conditions in Scotland. It has taken Britain and Ireland many years to adopt this practice and some will no doubt wish to never embrace timber frame construction. However, the old adage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the times are changingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? certainly springs to mind at this point. With the Government endorsing the use of timber frame and with environmental and sustainability concerns the topic of conversation on a regular basis- this definitely seems like the route to take. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Timber Frame is probably the biggest single advance in building methods in recent yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?(www.walkertimbergroup.com) The above quote certainly is a bold one but with the facts in figures produced in this report; it is hard to argue against such a statement. 8.0 REFERENCES- Websites Source- UK timber frame association preview 2010 (pdf file) (www.timber-frame.org) [accessed 4th February] Source-Fire Safety on Timber Frame Construction Sites (pdf file) (www.timber-frame.org) https://www.ramstowndevelopments.com/index.php?id=47 [accessed 4th February] https://www.framewiseltd.co.uk/Systems/i-joists-the-simple-framing-system.html [accessed 4th February] https://www.trada.co.uk/techinfo/library/view/6BA4B8A2-79A8-451B-AB6F-474D37137B4F/Timber+frame+construction+-+an+outline/ar01s02.html [accessed 5th February] https://www.timber-frame.org/html/Building_And_Construction/Benefits_of_Timber_Frame/ [accessed 5th February] https://www.scotframetimberengineering.co.uk/ [accessed 5th February] https://www.deesidetimberframe.co.uk/environmental.htm [accessed 5th February] https://www.walkertimbergroup.com/walkertimber/products/products/timberframe1 [accessed 5th February] Books Chudley, R., Greeno, R. (2008) Building Construction Handbook. 7th ed. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd Chudley, R., Greeno, R. (2007) Construction Technology. 4th ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited Lyons, A., (2007) Materials for Architects Builders. 3rd ed. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd.

An Early History of Forensic Entomology, 1300-1900

In recent decades, the use of entomology as a tool in forensic investigations has become fairly routine. The field of forensic entomology has a much longer history than you might suspect, dating all the way back to the 13th century. The First Crime Solved by Forensic Entomology The earliest known case of a crime being solved using insect evidence comes from medieval China. In 1247, the Chinese lawyer Sung Tsu wrote a textbook on criminal investigations called The Washing Away of Wrongs. In his book, Tsu recounts the story of a murder near a rice field. The victim had been slashed repeatedly, and investigators suspected the weapon used was a sickle, a common tool used in the rice harvest. How could the murderer be identified, when so many workers carried these tools? The local magistrate brought all the workers together  and told them to lay down their sickles. Though all the tools looked clean, one quickly attracted hordes of flies. The flies could sense the residue of blood and tissue invisible to the human eye. When confronted by this jury of flies, the murderer confessed to the crime. Dispelling the Myth of Spontaneous Generation of Maggots Just as people once thought the world was flat and the Sun revolved around the Earth, people used to think maggots would arise spontaneously out of rotting meat. Italian physician Francesco Redi finally proved the connection between flies and maggots in 1668. Redi compared two groups of meat: the first left exposed to insects, and the second group covered by a barrier of gauze. In the exposed meat, flies laid eggs, which quickly hatched into maggots. On the gauze-covered meat, no maggots appeared, but Redi observed fly eggs on the outer surface of the gauze. Establishing a Relationship Between Cadavers and Arthropods In the 1700 and 1800s, physicians in both France and Germany observed mass exhumations of corpses. The French doctors M. Orfila and C. Lesueur published two handbooks on exhumations, in which they noted the presence of insects on the exhumed cadavers. Some of these arthropods were identified to species in their 1831 publication. This work established a relationship between specific insects and decomposing bodies. Fifty years later, the German doctor Reinhard used a systematic approach to study this relationship. Reinhard exhumed bodies to collect and identify the insects present with the bodies. He specifically noted the presence of phorid flies, which he left to an entomology colleague to identify. Using the Succession of Insects to Determine a Postmortem Interval By the 1800s, scientists knew that certain insects would inhabit decomposing bodies. Interest now turned to the matter of succession. Physicians and legal investigators began questioning which insects would appear first on a cadaver, and what their life cycles could reveal about a crime. In 1855, French doctor Bergeret dArbois was the first to use insect succession to determine the postmortem interval of human remains. A couple remodeling their Paris home uncovered the mummified remains of a child behind the mantelpiece. Suspicion immediately fell on the couple, though they had only recently moved into the house. Bergeret, who autopsied the victim, noted evidence of insect populations on the corpse. Using methods similar to those employed by forensic entomologists today, he concluded that the body had been placed behind the wall years earlier, in 1849. Bergeret used what was known about insect life cycles and successive colonization of a corpse to arrive at this date. His report convinced police to charge the previous tenants of the home, who were subsequently convicted of the murder. French veterinarian Jean Pierre Megnin spent years studying and documenting the predictability of insect colonization in cadavers. In 1894, he published La Faune des Cadavres, the culmination of his medico-legal experience. In it, he outlined eight waves of insect succession that could be applied during investigations of suspicious deaths. Megnin also noted that buried corpses were not susceptible to this same series of colonization. Just two stages of colonization invaded these cadavers. Modern forensic entomology draws on the observations and studies of all these pioneers.

Plagues in England Death Is in the Air Essay - 688 Words

German scientist and satirist, Georg C. Lichtenberg, once said, â€Å"Sickness is mankinds greatest defect.† Sickness affects everyone, no matter where one is from or how one lives. Even in today’s world with modern medicine, sickness runs rampant. If one were to think back to when the only cures society had were rituals, a prime example of sickness in a society is England. Recalling the plagues in England, one can easily see the two prominent plagues that struck, along with how they affected English economy and culture. In the 1300’s, England was struck with a plague called the Bubonic Plague, better known as the â€Å"Black Death.† Historians believe this disease arrived by ship at a seaport in modern day Ukraine (Byrne 1). Fleas living on†¦show more content†¦Again, the source of the epidemic was unknown to the citizens therefore treatment was futile. In just a week, the plague took 7,165 people’s lives; the total death toll was near 70,000 (Great 1). One account of this plague is found in Defoe’s â€Å"Great Plague in London† which states: Another ran about naked, except a pair of drawers about his waist, crying day and night. As a man that Josephus mentions, who cried, Woe to Jerusalem! a little dreadful God! and said no more, but repeated these words continually, with a voice and countenance full of horror, a swift pace; and nobody could ever find him to stop or rest or take any sustenance, at least that ever I could hear of. (p. 1) One might say that after reading this story, the Great Plague of London drove people to madness. The ones who died from the Great Plague were buried in huge pits, until it ended in 1666 when the Great Fire of London destroyed most of the city (Great 1). The plagues caused much more than death; they brought with them economic hardships. When the Black Death struck, rural landlords with abundant crops began losing labor. Peasants wanted cheaper rent along with higher wages; this caused tension between landowners and peasants (Borsch 57). Of course, the landlords refused their offers, leaving many families without jobs. Because peasants could not find work, it only made sense to move to the city.Show MoreRelatedThe Black Plague : New York : The Free Pass 19831290 Words   |  6 Pages The Black Plague BY: Kevin Arellano World History,Per.7,Mrs.Sutherland April 24,2015 Works Cited 1.)Robert S. Gottfried. The Black Plague. New York :The Free Pass 1983 2.)The Black Death. AE .Television Networks.1979 3.)Don Nardo. The Black Death.Minneapoles.2011 4.)Sheri Johnson.The Medieval Plague.Minnesota 5.)Stephen Person. Bubonic Plague, The Black Plague. New York Introduction/Origin Do you know what The Black Plague was, it was a horrible disease that peopleRead MoreRemembering the Black Death1519 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death was a vicious disease that plagued many medieval people during the 1320s-50s. 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The doctors didn’t know what was wrong with the people since there was that much new technology in the thirteenth century. The black death was a deadly epidemic that was spread from Asia to Europe by twelve trading ships that wereRead MoreEssay about The Black Death in The Decameron by Boccaccio1176 Words   |  5 Pages The Black Death was an epidemic disease that was also known as the Bubonic Plague. It was one of the most tragic epidemics that has happened in the world. The Black Death hit England between the years of 1348-1350. This plague annihilated one third of its original population. Trading ships that came to England during this time were blamed for the spread of this disease. People believed that when trading ships left other countries that they would bring in infested rats that carried the disease. WhenRead MoreMedicine in the Medieval Period Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom the Mediterranean to other parts of Europe. In 1348 one ship brought a devastating plague to England. 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Spread of the Plague 2. Life and Death: Reactions to the Plague C. Economic Dislocation and Social Upheaval 1. Noble Landlords and Peasants 2. Peasant Revolt in France 3. An English Peasant Revolt 4. Revolts in the Cities II. War and

Public Relations Practice-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Write a Personal Reflection on Professional Public Relations Practice in the New Business Environment. Answer: Introduction In this reflective summary I would be discussing about the topics that I have learnt about through week 1 to week 7. I would be mainly focusing on stakeholder approach, globalization and its impact on entrepreneurship. I would also be discussing about the challenges, problems and issues that I have faced while attending these lessons and understanding the concepts that have been covered in these weeks. Examination of my experience, actions, and emotions and comparing them with the concepts learned from the literature would be carried out. The reason of me choosing this topic is because I wish to be able to use this learning and apply them to real projects in future. Discussion A generic and broad definition of stakeholders is any individual or group who have the capacity of effecting or gets affected themselves by any accomplishment of any organizations purpose (Andriof et al. 2017). Another definition of stakeholder is someone or an organization that is actively involved any project or whose awareness might be affected as an outcome of project execution or project completion (Weiss 2014). Based on the literature that I have covered in these weeks, I would be attempting to resonate them with what I have understood from the lessons. I have completely understood that stakeholders are extremely important to any organization or project. It is important that the needs and requirements of any stakeholder are considered to ensure success. For any business or project, their clients and end users are significantly more vital than any other stakeholder (Crane and Matten 2016). I have understood from my lessons that in any stakeholder management process, a consultative approach is always recommendable in place of a unilateral decision, which does not take into account the opposing viewpoints and opinions of other stakeholders. In such scenarios, the best approach would be using the stakeholder management salience model that would be helpful in analyzing the stakeholders and identifying the main and most important stakeholder, while at the same time correctly identifying the salie nce of the actual stakeholders (Bundy, Shropshire and Buchholtz 2013). Today, the organizations are going through dramatic changes as stakeholder groups are putting an ever-increasing influence on the responsibilities and place of organizations in the society. Some important drivers that are included in this process are organizational learning, ethics, the concept of sustainable development, the search for total quality management, and the environmental movement (Tantalo and Priem 2016). As the different stakeholders have the capability of viewing these complicated problems in a quite different manner from the organization, it is extremely vital that those people who are working with communications have the capability of understanding the underlying intricacies of stakeholder associations. My lessons and literature on a varied number of fields have provided with a comprehension of the elements that are involved in the development of an effective communication strategy. Stakeholder theory acts as an important contributor in something it provides as a mea n of discovery of the pertinent participants in the process (Hrisch, Freeman and Schaltegger 2014). The readings contend that the coordination model, as a part of this process, have the capacity of providing a unifying framework for the identification of the nature of the associations between the stakeholders or the actors in the communication process. I have processed form the lessons that for any kind of communication process to come out effective it is necessary that these models get oriented in a proper manner. The literature is built on the already existing research from different organizational learning field for gaining a deeper understanding of the processes that have an influence over the perceptions of different stakeholder groups. From the discussion I have cleared out my doubts regarding the exact communication skills that have been identified as enablers of the engagement of stakeholders in a meaningful dialogue and their consequent enhancement of the effectiveness of t he communication efforts of the organization. These major communication skills are inquiry, reflection and advocacy. Much emphasis has been provided to integrated marketing communication (IMC), but very little has been done to critically analysethe existent standpoints, the evolution of the concept and their application. IMC is getting hugely challenged from the perspective of the rising paradigm of strategic communication.This is carried out through a joint definite, theoretic and integrated communicative viewpoint.There is a need of approaching IMC thinking from a tactical and corporate brand standpoint that would be assisting in engendering intensely altering prospectsand demands across different organizations to get a lucid comprehension of IMC practice and theory.Most marketers consider IMC to be something important and to be practiced. In reality is hardly successfully implemented. The key of building major brands are initially finding the appropriate positioning and then successfully creating a durable, optimistic brand attitude. IMC is vital on making sure that every aspect of a brands mark eting communication delivers a constant message toward that end (Argenti 2005). Because of the advanced and swifter development of communication, todays world is shrinking. The advent of satellite has altered the whole outlook of mankind. It has been able to bring mean much nearer to one another, even countries (Marks 2016). Today none of the countries can call themselves as being like an isolated island as what is happening in any country is important for even the remotest places on the globe because of modern communication. The earth is shrinking and the world is becoming a global village as the people of the earth are coming closer to one another, in terms of both time and space (Scherer and Palazzo 2008). Despite the various cultural, religious and economic differences among different countries everybody is today known to each other like it is a village. The concept of global village was first suggested by Marshall McLuhan. Events that are happening in one part of the world can be faced in other parts, that too in real time, which is similar to the concept o f a villagers experience when they were living in a small village (Wasson, Butler and Copeland-Carson 2016). For understanding global civil society different theoretical perspectives can be used. It can be understood by some as being an actor providing a bottom-up contribution to theeffectivity and legitimacy of the whole international system. It is in essence democracy in action as power gets hold up accountable by the populace. Many interpret it as a tool for using by the most powerful states for advancing their eventual interests abroad, most of the time popularizing and promoting ideas that seem key to the national interest. Marxist are known to be viewing global civil societyas a form of political vanguards that can distribute a diverse world view that tests the dominant order. Moreover, some are even of the opinion that the idea of global civil societyas a whole which is different from the state, family and market remains truly a Western concept that is not applicable easily for the societies where the boundaries among these spheres are fuzzier (Kaldor 2013). One huge misconception and unawareness I had was about how to proceed with composing a reflection in case of such topics. I understood that reflection is a completely focused skill, whose main objective is making the practitioner more and more aware of their own reasoning and thinking procedure. Putting a halt or slowing down on the thought processes and making sure to avoid any kind of rapid climbing up the ladder of inferring helps in accomplishing this. The initial stage that I covered in distinguishing between the real data and what abstractions are based on that. Most of the activities of stakeholders and their approaches are based on assumptions, which makes it important for formally identifying these and then testing them in the light of the present situation. For example, this can be carried out by explicit identification of the data behind any specific statement, all the while seeking agreements on what is and what is not the actual and relevant data, also providing clarific ation on lines of reasoning and giving confirmation of the interpretations of other peoples statements. Conclusion Based on the magnitude of the issues that are now faced by majority of the organization, the casual takes on the combination of communication and strategies is serious shortcoming that I understood from my analysis and the lessons learned. Communication is an acclaimed significant element in the overall strategy process of any organization. In spite of the purported importance it has, very less could I comprehend about the ways of integrating communications with the strategy development and implementation work. Irrespective of the importance given to communication, it has been found from my readings that its majority of the times gets relegated to a secondary function in different organizations and gets performed by the people who have no idea or skills or training that would help them in accessing any strategic decision-making. In this paper I have attempted to put across all the ideas and challenges I have faced during the weekly lessons, attempting at finding solutions to my issue s and coming out as a better manager of stakeholder management situations. References Andriof, J., Waddock, S., Husted, B. and Rahman, S.S., 2017.Unfolding stakeholder thinking: theory, responsibility and engagement. Routledge. Link:https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=Pqo0DwAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PT7dq=Andriof,+J.,+Waddock,+S.,+Husted,+B.+and+Rahman,+S.S.,+2017.+Unfolding+stakeholder+thinking:+theory,+responsibility+and+engagement.+Routledge.ots=ixsMfv6-ESsig=ph2vzGDWxsIpkqIfPEdvzFEQ8e0#v=onepageqf=false Argenti, P. 2005.The Power of Integration: Building a Corporate Communication Function That Is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts. NIRIs Center for Strategic Communication. Bundy, J., Shropshire, C. and Buchholtz, A.K., 2013. Strategic cognition and issue salience: Toward an explanation of firm responsiveness to stakeholder concerns.Academy of Management Review,38(3), pp.352-376. Link: https://media.terry.uga.edu/socrates/publications/2013/06/Bundy_Shropshire_Buchholtz_2013.pdf Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Link:https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=J8-SDAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Crane,+A.+and+Matten,+D.,+2016.+Business+ethics:+Managing+corporate+citizenship+and+sustainability+in+the+age+of+globalization.+Oxford+University+Pressots=5rSi-uLmlesig=P8a1MZqypEN0ffgHfcLVToKE3Rw#v=onepageqf=false Freeman, E. and Moutchnik, A., 2013. Stakeholder management and CSR: questions and answers.uwf UmweltWirtschaftsForum,21(1-2), pp.5-9. Link:https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/32695143/stakerholder_management_and_csr_-_question_and_answer.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1511082968Signature=5lJLfvRDyq9FbNvjUgme16v4IfY%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DStakerholder_management_and_csr_-_questi.pdf Harrison, J.S., Freeman, R.E. and de Abreu, M.C.S., 2015. Stakeholder theory as an ethical approach to effective management: Applying the theory to multiple contexts.Revista Brasileira de Gesto de Negcios,17(55), p.858. Link:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Monica_Abreu4/publication/283194075_Stakeholder_Theory_As_an_Ethical_Approach_to_Effective_Management_applying_the_theory_to_multiple_contexts/links/565b1fa608ae4988a7ba701b.pdf Hrisch, J., Freeman, R.E. and Schaltegger, S., 2014. Applying stakeholder theory in sustainability management: Links, similarities, dissimilarities, and a conceptual framework.Organization Environment,27(4), pp.328-346. Link:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stefan_Schaltegger/publication/264382617_Horisch_J_Freeman_E_Schaltegger_S_2014_Applying_stakeholder_theory_in_sustainability_management_Links_similarities_dissimilarities_and_conceptual_framework_Organization_Environment_DOI_101177108602661/links/56c8cdd908ae96cdd06bb921/Hoerisch-J-Freeman-E-Schaltegger-S-2014-Applying-stakeholder-theory-in-sustainability-management-Links-similarities-dissimilarities-and-conceptual-framework-Organization-Environment-DOI-10.pdf Kaldor, M., 2013.Global civil society: An answer to war. John Wiley Sons. Link:https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=SRcoAAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PT4dq=Kaldor,+M.,+2013.+Global+civil+society:+An+answer+to+war.+John+Wiley+%26+Sons.ots=NZBrXOJuqAsig=rUyuvjy0cXOnLRq80gixLX_vjLE#v=onepageqf=false Marks, A. 2016.Thought Leadership Content | The CCO as Builder of Digital Engagement Systems | Arthur W. Page Society. [online] Awpagesociety.com. 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